Introductory Statistics

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Student Learning Outcome
• The student will compare and contrast empirical data and a theoretical distribution to determine if Terry Vogel's lap times fit a continuous distribution.

DirectionsRound the relative frequencies and probabilities to four decimal places. Carry all other decimal answers to two places.

Collect the Data
1. Use the data from Appendix C. Use a stratified sampling method by lap (races 1 to 20) and a random number generator to pick six lap times from each stratum. Record the lap times below for laps two to seven.
   

   _______	_______	_______	_______	_______	_______
   _______	_______	_______	_______	_______	_______
   _______	_______	_______	_______	_______	_______
   _______	_______	_______	_______	_______	_______
   _______	_______	_______	_______	_______	_______
   _______	_______	_______	_______	_______	_______

2. Construct a histogram. Make five to six intervals. Sketch the graph using a ruler and pencil. Scale the axes.

   

3. Calculate the following:
   1. $\overline{x}$ = _______
   2. s = _______
4. Draw a smooth curve through the tops of the bars of the histogram. Write one to two complete sentences to describe the general shape of the curve. (Keep it simple. Does the graph go straight across, does it have a v-shape, does it have a hump in the middle or at either end, and so on?)

Analyze the Distribution Using your sample mean, sample standard deviation, and histogram to help, what is the approximate theoretical distribution of the data?

• X ~ _____(_____,_____)
• How does the histogram help you arrive at the approximate distribution?

Describe the Data Use the data you collected to complete the following statements.

• The IQR goes from __________ to __________.
• IQR = __________. (IQR = Q₃ – Q₁)
• The 15^th percentile is _______.
• The 85^th percentile is _______.
• The median is _______.
• The empirical probability that a randomly chosen lap time is more than 130 seconds is _______.
• Explain the meaning of the 85^th percentile of this data.

Theoretical Distribution Using the theoretical distribution, complete the following statements. You should use a normal approximation based on your sample data.

• The IQR goes from __________ to __________.
• IQR = _______.
• The 15^th percentile is _______.
• The 85^th percentile is _______.
• The median is _______.
• The probability that a randomly chosen lap time is more than 130 seconds is _______.
• Explain the meaning of the 85^th percentile of this distribution.

Discussion QuestionsDo the data from the section titled Collect the Data give a close approximation to the theoretical distribution in the section titled Analyze the Distribution? In complete sentences and comparing the result in the sections titled Describe the Data and Theoretical Distribution, explain why or why not.