Decay modes are , , , electron capture (EC) and isomeric transition (IT). EC results in the same daughter nucleus as would decay. IT is a transition from a metastable excited state. Energies for decays are the maxima; average energies are roughly one-half the maxima.
Isotope | t 1/2 | DecayMode(s) | Energy(MeV) | Percent | -Ray Energy(MeV) | Percent | |
12.33 y | | 0.0186 | 100% | ||||
5730 y | 0.156 | 100% | |||||
9.96 min | 1.20 | 100% | |||||
2.602 y | 0.55 | 90% | 1.27 | 100% | |||
14.28 d | 1.71 | 100% | |||||
87.4 d | | 0.167 | 100% | ||||
0.710 | 100% | ||||||
1.31 | 89% | ||||||
22.3 h | 0.827 | 87% | 0.373 | 87% | |||
0.618 | 87% | ||||||
165 d | | 0.257 | 100% | ||||
27.70 d | EC | 0.320 | 10% | ||||
5.59d | 3.69 | 28% | 1.33 | 28% | |||
1.43 | 28% | ||||||
8.27 h | 1.80 | 43% | 0.169 | 43% | |||
0.378 | 43% | ||||||
44.6 d | 0.273 | 45% | 1.10 | 57% | |||
0.466 | 55% | 1.29 | 43% | ||||
5.271 y | | 0.318 | 100% | 1.17 | 100% | ||
1.33 | 100% | ||||||
244.1 d | EC | 1.12 | 51% | ||||
78.3 h | EC | 0.0933 | 70% | ||||
0.185 | 35% | ||||||
0.300 | 19% | ||||||
others | |||||||
118.5 d | EC | 0.121 | 20% | ||||
0.136 | 65% | ||||||
0.265 | 68% | ||||||
0.280 | 20% | ||||||
others | |||||||
18.8 d | 0.69 | 9% | 1.08 | 9% | |||
1.77 | 91% | ||||||
64.8 d | EC | 0.514 | 100% | ||||
28.8 y | | 0.546 | 100% | ||||
64.1 h | | 2.28 | 100% | ||||
6.02 h | IT | 0.142 | 100% | ||||
99.5 min | IT | 0.392 | 100% | ||||
13.0 h | EC | 0.159 | |||||
8.040 d | 0.248 | 7% | 0.364 | 85% | |||
0.607 | 93% | others | |||||
others | |||||||
32.3 h | EC | 0.0400 | 35% | ||||
0.372 | 32% | ||||||
0.411 | 25% | ||||||
others | |||||||
30.17 y | | 0.511 | 95% | 0.662 | 95% | ||
1.17 | 5% | ||||||
12.79 d | 1.035 | 0.030 | 25% | ||||
0.044 | 65% | ||||||
0.537 | 24% | ||||||
others | |||||||
2.696 d | | 1.161 | 0.412 | ||||
64.1 h | EC | 0.0733 | 100% | ||||
138.38 d | 5.41 | 100% | |||||
4.68 | 5% | 0.186 | 100% | ||||
4.87 | 95% | ||||||
4.68 | numerous | <0.400% | |||||
4.22 | 23% | 0.050 | 23% | ||||
4.27 | 77% | ||||||
numerous | numerous | <0.250% | |||||
4.96 (max.) | |||||||
5.19 | 11% | 73% | |||||
5.23 | 15% | 0.013 | 15% | ||||
5.24 | 73% | 0.052 | 10% | ||||
others | |||||||
Max. 5.44 | 0.075 | ||||||
5.37 | 88% | others | |||||
5.32 | 11% | ||||||
others |
Tải về
Mục lục
- College Physics
- Preface
- Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics
- Kinematics
- Introduction to One-Dimensional Kinematics
- Displacement
- Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems
- Time, Velocity, and Speed
- Acceleration
- Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension
- Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
- Falling Objects
- Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
- Two-Dimensional Kinematics
- Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws of Motion
- Introduction to Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Development of Force Concept
- Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia
- Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
- Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces
- Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
- Problem-Solving Strategies
- Further Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
- Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity
- Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
- Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
- Linear Momentum and Collisions
- Statics and Torque
- Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
- Introduction to Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
- Angular Acceleration
- Kinematics of Rotational Motion
- Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
- Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited
- Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
- Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
- Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
- Fluid Statics
- Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
- Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
- Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
- Bernoulli’s Equation
- The Most General Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
- Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
- The Onset of Turbulence
- Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
- Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
- Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
- Heat and Heat Transfer Methods
- Thermodynamics
- Introduction to Thermodynamics
- The First Law of Thermodynamics
- The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
- Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
- Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
- Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
- Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
- Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
- Oscillatory Motion and Waves
- Introduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
- Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
- Period and Frequency in Oscillations
- Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
- The Simple Pendulum
- Energy and the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
- Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
- Damped Harmonic Motion
- Forced Oscillations and Resonance
- Waves
- Superposition and Interference
- Energy in Waves: Intensity
- Physics of Hearing
- Electric Charge and Electric Field
- Introduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
- Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
- Conductors and Insulators
- Coulomb’s Law
- Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
- Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
- Electric Forces in Biology
- Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
- Applications of Electrostatics
- Electric Potential and Electric Field
- Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
- Circuits, Bioelectricity, and DC Instruments
- Magnetism
- Introduction to Magnetism
- Magnets
- Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
- Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
- Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
- Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field: Examples and Applications
- The Hall Effect
- Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
- Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
- Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
- Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors
- More Applications of Magnetism
- Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical Technologies
- Introduction to Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits and Electrical Technologies
- Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
- Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
- Motional Emf
- Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
- Electric Generators
- Back Emf
- Transformers
- Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
- Inductance
- RL Circuits
- Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
- RLC Series AC Circuits
- Electromagnetic Waves
- Geometric Optics
- Vision and Optical Instruments
- Wave Optics
- Introduction to Wave Optics
- The Wave Aspect of Light: Interference
- Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
- Young’s Double Slit Experiment
- Multiple Slit Diffraction
- Single Slit Diffraction
- Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
- Thin Film Interference
- Polarization
- *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
- Special Relativity
- Introduction to Quantum Physics
- Atomic Physics
- Introduction to Atomic Physics
- Discovery of the Atom
- Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
- Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
- X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
- Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
- The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
- Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
- Quantum Numbers and Rules
- The Pauli Exclusion Principle
- Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
- Medical Applications of Nuclear Physics
- Particle Physics
- Frontiers of Physics
- Atomic Masses
- Selected Radioactive Isotopes
- Useful Information
- Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation
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