OpenStaxCollege

The Functions of the Skeletal System

By the end of this section, you will be able to: <ul> <li>Define bone, cartilage, and the skeletal system</li> <li>List and describe the functions of the skeletal system</li> </ul>

Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges

<ul> <li>Calculate the total force (magnitude and direction) exerted on a test charge from more than one charge</li> <li>Describe an electric field diagram of a positive point charge; of a negative point charge with twice the magnitude of positive charge</li> <li>Draw the electric field lines between two points of the same charge; between two points of opposite charge.</li> </ul>

Introduction: Further Applications of Newton’s Laws

Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways

By the end of this section, you will be able to: <ul> <li>Discuss the ways in which carbohydrate metabolic pathways, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle interrelate with protein and lipid metabolic pathways</li> <li>Explain why metabolic pathways are not considered closed systems</li> </ul>

Cancer and the Cell Cycle

By the end of this section, you will be able to: <ul> <li>Describe how cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth</li> <li>Understand how proto-oncogenes are normal cell genes that, when mutated, become oncogenes</li> <li>Describe how tumor suppressors function</li> <li>Explain how mutant tumor suppressors cause cancer</li> </ul>

The Pineal Gland

By the end of this section, you will be able to: <ul> <li>Describe the location and structure of the pineal gland</li> <li>Discuss the function of melatonin</li> </ul>

Chordates

By the end of this section, you will be able to: <ul> <li>Describe the distinguishing characteristics of chordates</li> <li>Identify the derived character of craniates that sets them apart from other chordates</li> <li>Describe the developmental fate of the notochord in vertebrates</li> </ul>

Eukaryotic Origins

By the end of this section, you will be able to: <ul> <li>List the unifying characteristics of eukaryotes </li> <li>Describe what scientists know about the origins of eukaryotes based on the last common ancestor</li> <li>Explain endosymbiotic theory</li> </ul>

Skeletal Muscle

By the end of this section, you will be able to: <ul> <li>Describe the layers of connective tissues packaging skeletal muscle</li> <li>Explain how muscles work with tendons to move the body</li> <li>Identify areas of the skeletal muscle fibers</li> <li>Describe excitation-contraction coupling</li> </ul>

Introduction

Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid

<ul> <li>Calculate the Reynolds number for an object moving through a fluid.</li> <li>Explain whether the Reynolds number indicates laminar or turbulent flow.</li> <li>Describe the conditions under which an object has a terminal speed.</li> </ul>

Sound

<ul> <li>Define sound and hearing.</li> <li>Describe sound as a longitudinal wave.</li> </ul>